What is it?
In Software Engineering, a test is an individual process which performs a verification that the software is built accordingly to the Requirements, and a validation of the features, so that they can attend the customer accordingly. In other words, a test checks if all functionality is correctly implemented in all levels of the software.
What are errors?
When talking about testing, some concepts come to surface:
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Error
Detected difference between the obtained result and the expected result.
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Fault
Incorrect code lines or block that causes an error.
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Failure
Software malfunction, possibly caused by an fault.
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Mistake
What produces an fault in the software.